Geological+Features+at+Land+and+Sea

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__By: Rebecca, Rachel and Olivia __ = = media type="custom" key="9574240"

first in our wiki will be infromation on Alfred Wegener and what Pangea is second will be a picture of Alfred third will be a video if Pangea over time fourth will be a short paragraph about tectonic plates and a diagram fifth will be a short and fun break that is not educatinal at all sixth will be a video of the deepest part in the world and following that is a paragraph about it seventh will be a diagram of the ocean floor and definitions eight will be a picture of a lake and infromation on how it's formed following that will be a picture of a river and infromation on how it's formed as well and at the end will be our quizz!! ENJOY OUR WIKI!!!!!!!!!!
 * OUR TABLE OF CONTENS **

Nearly 100 years ago a German scientist named, Alfred Wegener thought that all the continents on a map of the world looked like a big jigsaw puzzel. Pangea, a single land mass,existing about 1 million or so years ago is still considered to be two parts. The theory is that there was a time when all of the continents of the whole world were joined together as one!!This single mass of land was then broken into a few different masses of land which is now known as the continents of the world, which drifted away from each other because of tectonic plates. There are only two main facts to support this theory



Alfred Wegener the man with the theory of tectonic plates ...

Model of pangea

media type="youtube" key="Utls9WGfcEc" height="208" width="252" This video is of Pangea. It shows the movement of Pangea over time.

Plate Tectonics

The earth is made up of plates,not paper plates ,but, plate tectonics. The theory of the plate tectonics is that the earths crust is made up of 12 plates were the continents and the oceans rest. These plates move, because the earths surface underneath them is also slowly moving.The lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates. The lithosphereic plates rest on the stmosphere.

__Lithosphere- the outer layer of the earth.__ __Atmosphere- thin layer of the earth below the lithosphere__

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this is just a break for you so have fun!!!!

Deepest point in the world

The deepest point in the world is the Mariana Trench. It is said to be up to 10,971m or 35,994 ft.

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this youtube video will take you deep down in to the Mariana Trench and into the Challengers Deep. Enjoy !!!!!

__The Marianas Trench. __

The Mariana Trench is part of the geological boundary system, it forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. Since the Pacific plate is the largest tectonic plate on Earth, crustal material at its western edge has had a long time since formation (up to 170 million years) to become very dense; so its great height-difference relative to the higher-riding Mariana Plate, at the point where the Pacific Plate crust is subducted. The movement of these plates is also responsible for the formation of the Mariana Island.

The deepest part in the Marianas Trench is the Challenger Deep. It extends(goes) almost 11km below the surface of the ocean!!The challenger Deep is so deep because, it is made up of huge plates of thin crust that float on the molten rock of the earths mantle. The edges of these plates slide past each other and sometimes crash into each other. The oceanic crust is much more heavier than the continental crust, so once the plates have crashed into each other, the oceanic plate fall down to the molten mantle, while the continental plate sits on the top since it is lighter. When the two plates have drived together it is really intense, the oceanic plate underneath creates a trench.



__Ocean Floor __



Abyssal Plain - the ocean floor is beyond the continental slope and rise much of the ocean floor consists of large flat areas. It is formed when the lower crust melts, and gets pushed up.

Continental Slope- The edge of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloped region. It is formed by sediments washing over the edge or on the slope and scraping off a plate.

Abyssal Hill- is the small hill that rises form the floor of the abyssal plain. It is formed by stretching the oceanic lithosphere

Continental rise- is the area of the crust surface where the oceanic plate meets the continental plate. seamount- an underwater volaneo. They are formed by undersea buildups of a fine grained rock, which is the main part of the ocean crust.

Volcaneo Island- Over time, as the lava builds up it forms Guyot- once a volcanic island and over time with the continuous pounding of the sea and the erosion on the surface the top of the volcanic island eroded enough that the ocean covered it again.

Submarine Canyon- steep-sided valley on the on the sea floor of the continemtal slope. It is formed by stream erosion.

Island Arc- type of archipelago composed of a chain of volcaneos which the alignment is arc-shaped, and which is parelell and close to the boundary between two converging tectonic plates

Trenches- run parellel to the coast, are formed where two oceanic tectonic plates converge. They are formed by the movement of tectonic plates.

Continental margin- The zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. Canyons- are deep steep sided valleys, formed by river that cut their way though the surrounding roach. They are formed by the erosion which is caused by rivers.

__Lakes__

How lakes are formed. All lakes are bodies of water trapped in basins. Basins are depressions in the earths surface. Glaciers formed many lakes in the Northern Hemisphere during the last ice age, and carved the basins. When the climate changed, and the ice melted, melt water was trapped in the basins, which formed lakes.

__Rivers__

How rivers are formed.Most rivers begin in high places, or elevations, like mountains from spring, or melt water. The water makes it's way downhill. Tributaries join the rivers, adding water. As the water flows, it erodes the bottom and the bank of the river, carrying the material downstream. This material changes the rivers course as bends develop.

__ **Now for a couple quiz's after your super learning from this wiki!!!!** __ media type="custom" key="9638506"

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